J. B. Priestleys play An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

J. B. Priestleys play An Inspector Calls Essay In 1945 J. B. Priestley composed the play An Inspector Calls. It is an exceptionally tense play; the crowd are consistently as eager and anxious as ever. It is instructional as it passes on a social and good importance to the play. The play has naturalistic discussion completely through, to cause it to appear to be genuine, similar to you could be there. Be that as it may, it additionally has strange components; for instance; the auditors name is Inspector Goole. This seems like a devil or a phantom. What's more, toward the finish of the play, he vanishes and his reality stays a puzzle. In the play Priestley is offering political and philosophical expressions. He is offering us, the crowd a message; the message that we should consider society; to not part people in general into two gatherings the rich and poor people, to meet up as a network. All the characters are liable for Eva Smiths demise, and through her passing it shows that everybody is liable for every other person and that we ought not imagine that in the event that it doesnt include us by and by, than it isn't our concern, since it is. Priestley composed the play in 1945, however the play itself is set in 1912. I figure he did this since they play is set two years before the episode of the First World War. Thinking back on it, Priestly more likely than not imagined that 1912 appeared to be a safe time. England had a Navy, no wars were going on and Britain was affluent. For individuals like the Birlings, life more likely than not appeared to be incredible. In any case, to individuals like Eva Smith, times were hard. There were no laws to assist them with getting higher wages, and no assistance when they were jobless. To young ladies like Eva Smith it was a sample of damnation. This makes a feeling of anxiety and an amusing complexity as toward the finish of the play, the Birlings are in heck, possibly not cash astute, however in their still, small voice. Priestley is attempting to offer a social remark on the war, as families like the Birlings, war doesnt appear to be conceivable. They are so enveloped with their own universes; they dont appear to have the option to recognize reality. The play is set purposely in one scene, the lounge area of an enormous agreeable, rural house having a place with the Birlings. This is to make a feeling of their claustrophobic world. This makes a fascinating difference since Birling imagines that war isnt conceivable yet the crowd realizes that only a couple of years after the fact the First World War broke out. I think the play is set in an enormous, well off house to show a difference. It is to represent the complexity between the upper and lower classes, and how they contrast. Here is a wealthy family living it up, getting all lifes extravagances. Yet additionally here is a young lady who simply needed higher wages, and somebody to adore her. Rather this affluent family look down on her. For instance when the reviewer tells the family that Eva Smith has ended it all, Mrs Birling says; I dont assume for a second that we can comprehend why the young lady ended it all. Young ladies of that class㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Girls of that class. This is demonstrating her highbrow, egotistical side. This is the difference I think Priestley is attempting to make between the well off and the not all that affluent in 1912. They don't connect with one another socially, just when the lower class is working for the high society. Anyway not all the family are so little disapproved. When they have seen that they have accomplished something incorrectly, they do feel regretful. Shelia still feels irate with the others since they are not going about as though they are liable, where in her eyes they are. I think she feels so furious in light of the fact that she is more blame than any other person. The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Independent Study EssayHowever he isn't totally fulfilled so he gets Gerald to ring the Infirmary and he at that point discovers that there is no dead young lady. He is then triumphant and assuaged just like the remainder of the family, and he is attempting to put everything behind him and thinks every other person ought to do likewise. He is simply advising Eric and Shelia to do this when the telephone rings. That was the police. A young lady has only passed on her way to the clinic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in the wake of gulping some disinfectant. What's more, a police Inspector is on his way here to pose a few inquiries. Also, as the play closes on this note, the crowd is left extremely tense and as eager and anxious as can be. This is on the grounds that the Birlings think the bad dream has finished, when actually the overseer was simply setting them up for what lies ahead. The crowd is likewise left confounded regarding whom the reviewer was. The play has a strained twofold closure. The play could have finished when the auditor left yet that would leave the characters to wriggle out of reality and again proceed with their lives in a narrow minded and deceptive way. So J. B. Priestley comes to his meaningful conclusion all the more persuasively. I would state that J. B. Religious makes an exceptionally understood proclamation. Priestley decides to make his analysis of his general public through a wealthy white collar class Edwardian family. This shows their riches and point of view. For them it is a real existence where you spruce up for supper, have house cleaners, where women disregard the men to the port and the genuine discussion; though the ladies have the general babble about the climate and so forth. This is clearly not what it resembled for Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. She is a cautious laborer with an a lot more grounded feeling of ethics than the Birlings; yet she is sentenced to joblessness, and neediness. None of the white collar class society causes her and she is in the long run headed to self destruction. Absolutely the play contains a profoundly social message; stressed by a climate of riddle and imagery. Steadily the accentuation moves from the reasonable subtleties and the play starts to manage various issues. The language turns out to be less reasonable and the ethical message is increasingly unshakable. The investigator bit by bit turns into the baffling voice of soul. He tells the Birling family that men ought to learn of their obligation towards of one another. The play shows that the duty that a white collar class family take is a trick; and that individuals should assume greater liability. The message for the crowd is that they ought scrutinize the Birlings age, yet in addition their own. The political message is an extremely broad one. In this play, unique individuals are censured. This is to exhibit that the play proclaims that we have a duty towards each other. Individuals must turn out to be progressively strong of one another. They should likewise build up an alternate idea of social obligation. The last message of the play is a request for change, initial an adjustment in human instinct, at that point an adjustment in the public arena.

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Research - Assignment Example In the Title VII, diverse strict observances involve head or face covers, garments, gems just as different strict things. Consequently, it very well may be perceived that wearing headscarf or different strict apparel has been considered as strict recognition for reasons for Title VII (42 U.S.C.  §2000e-2) (The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., â€Å"Questions and Answers: Religious Discrimination in the Workplace†) Answer: The strict arrangements that are referenced in the Title VII impressively draws in undue hardship guard as far as giving required strict convenience arrangements to the representatives. The protective activity for a business in the Title VII is given so as to concede outstanding arrangements for the strict convictions of the representatives working under the business in the work environment (The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., â€Å"Questions and Answers: Religious Discrimination in the Workplace†) Answer: The variables applicable to demonstrating undue hardship can be perceived as the kind of the working environment, nature and jobs of the laborers, pertinent convenience cost as for working expense and size of the business just as the fitting settlement prerequisites of the representatives (The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., â€Å"Questions and Answers: Religious Discrimination in the Workplace†) Answer: The significant issue inside the case can be resolved as a significant concern identified with the business segregation as to the Title VII and its strict observances. As indicated by the instance of work segregation, the issue rose as an intrigue for strict thought in the police uniform of any Muslim ladies cop in the City of Philadelphia. The issue was offered by Kimberlie Webb to permit wearing of strict clothing with her uniform (Third Judicial Circuit, â€Å"United States Court of Appeals

The Canadian Judiciary Balancing Public and Private Spheres free essay sample

Spotlights on clarifying the Judiciarys job in Canadian culture. This paper speaks to an endeavor to distinguish the Canadian Judiciarys capacity to adjust the interests of people in general and private circles as per changing social and political mentalities, just as an assessment of inward qualities of the legal executive and how they fundamentally impact this equalization. Without question the judiciarys job in securing singular freedoms is significant, anyway there are sure components associated with the legal procedure that have made its job profoundly dubious. The undemocratic idea of the legal executive raises doubt about its legitimacy in passing on lobbyist choices that see the legal executive contending with assemblies to frame the laws of Canada. So also, the its undemocratic, unrepresentative nature makes doubt with regards to whether the legal executive is keen on securing the privileges of the regular man which is the basic reason for the Charter. Maybe of most noteworthy concern is the gigantic extent of interpretive force the council generally leaves to the legal executive, through the arrangement of vague, uncertain enactment. We will compose a custom paper test on The Canadian Judiciary: Balancing Public and Private Spheres or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Common Nouns Examples

Common Nouns Examples Common Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. There are two types of nouns, common nouns and proper nouns. A common noun names a general person, place, thing, or idea. It does not refer to someone or something specifically. Examples of Common Nouns: girl, store, school, street, freedom This is different from a proper noun that would refer to a specific person, place, or thing (i.e. Jennifer, Wal-Mart, Johnson High School, Elm Street). More Examples of Common Nouns: People: boy, man, teacher, nurse, firefighter, president Places: house, yard, building, church, city, country, beach Things: desk, phone, book, candle, pencil, basket, dog Ideas: confidence, sadness, courage, speed Common Nouns Used in Sentences The common nouns are in bold. 1. For breakfast, the children ate cereal with toast and orange juice. 2. Could you take out the trash and help clean out the car? 3. Mr. Jones gives us homework every day of the week except Friday. 4. This book about Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the best that I have checked out from the library. 5. The dog sat very still until the girl gave him the bone. 6. For school, we will need to have paper, pencils, crayons, and a backpack. 7. I really like the song that is playing on the radio. 8. The boy took his fishing rod to the pond hoping to catch a fish. 9. The button has fallen off of my shirt, and I think it fell in the grass. 10. Let's pick out a tall tree for Christmas this year. 11. The father stood in line to buy lunch for the three hungry girls. 12. The dress that Mrs. Hale wore to class today has dragonflies on it because we are studying insects. 13. Let's pick the red flowers for Mom.

Health Status Of Health Care Essay - 753 Words

Compare health status There are 100 core indicators published by WHO to compare countries for their health system. These indicators are divided into Health system, health status, risk factor, nutrition coverage. These 100 indicators provide overall picture of health status of a country. Following table will give such relevant health status data about our countries of interest. Table 1 Comparison of various health indices between USA, Canada and India Indicator/ Country Canada USA India Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live birth) (2015) 4 6 38 Life expectancy at birth (in years) (2013) 81 79 68 Maternal Mortality/100000 live births (2015) 7 14 174 (World Bank) Health care organization (Structure and finance): In India, Health care is provided by private and public provider. Private providers constitute more than 80 % of service provided (Healthcare indicator, 2010). Public system comprises Primary health center, community center (at district level), and tertiary center. Health insurance is mostly private except employee state insurance scheme, central government health scheme, defense, railway employee. Private health system includes clinics, nursing home, hospitals. It accounts for 67 % 30,000 total hospitals, 33% of 1 million beds (Healthcare indicator, 2010). So health care finance in India is mostly private asShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Status And Health Care933 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to About.com (Elizabeth Boskey, 2014), socioeconomic status is defined as a arrangement of elements including income, level of education, and occupation. It is a way of looking at how individuals or families fit into society us ing economic and social measures that have been shown to influence individuals health and well-being. Socioeconomic status is broken into three categories: high, middle, and low social economic status. 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Thanks to the torn menisci on my knees. Indeed, there is much to be desired in my current health status. However, as had been observed, nurses make some of the worst patients. I ignore my body’s signals to go slow and take it easyRead MoreCurrent Status and Impact of Health Care Reform1667 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Willis Subject: Current Status and Impact of Health Care Reform Date: 25 January 2011 The purpose of this report is to examine the current state of health care as well as the impacts that new legislation will have on the United States healthcare system. Specifically, this report will inspect the immediate and long term effects of the healthcare reform bill HR 3590 that was signed into law on March 23, 2010 as well as investment advice on the medical care industry. 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Demographic characteristics of population Mortality, Infant mortality data, causes of death Other data of health status Related information (such as on quality if life); analysis Availability of Health Services Basic organization/general description of services institutions, providers of care Issues related to access Utilization of services (data, if available) Other related information/analysis Expenditures How are health servicesRead MoreHealth Status and Health Care Services in China with Comparison to the United States2212 Words   |  9 PagesHealth Status and Health Care Services in China with comparison to the United States HSM310 Introduction to Health Services Management Course Project December 12, 2010 A health care system refers to the comprehensive organization, structures and strategies through which Medicare and health care is made available by the government to its citizens. A health care system is a product of countries politics. It is a nations system of governance that will dictate upon the most convenient model ofRead MoreHealth Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom with Comparison to the United States2251 Words   |  10 Pages*********@rocketmail.com Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom with comparison to the United States HSM310 Introduction to Health Services Management Course Project Date submitted: 11/29/2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Population and Health Status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 Demographic characteristics of population Mortality, Infant mortality data, causes of death Other data of health status Related informationRead MoreMy Current Health Status : How Well You Take Care Of Yourself Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesReflect On How Well You Take Care Of Yourself This is not the first time that I was invited to reflect on my life, and as it had been in the past, I would not hold back and be honest in my self-appraisal. 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Swedish Dad - 1167 Words

Effects for Obesity Rondaski Burley Introduction to Sociology Professor Ricardo Toye June 6, 2015 Introduction. Obesity, once thought to be a little more than an unfortunate failure of will and self restraint, has much deeper and more complex roots. Genes clearly plays a role in driving an individual’s propensity to gain excess weight, as does environment. Early-life influences, beginning with the intrauterine environment and continuing through the first few years of life, also shape the trajectory of weight gain and body fat thoughtout the life course. Describe the effect that obesity in a childhood has had on you personally. We have all heard the stories about the happy fat person, right? Being obese†¦show more content†¦Employers should care about the well-being of their employees, if no others reason than it promotes a happier workforce as a result will provide a more productive workforce. Should specialized organization be made for workers who wish to have a career and raise a child? Identify steps that companies can take to accommodate parental needs more effectively. In 2013, 88.2 percent of families with children under 18 had at least one parent in the workforce, which means the employers seeking to recruit and retain top talents must start catering to the families engaged in this balancing act. With the focus on the working American parent with benefits such as a flexible working hours paid parental leave for the men and women will achieve a better working life balancing and keep employees happier and more engaged at work. Not only should flexible schedule benefit the women but the men should also receive the option. The division of household labor has changed a lot in the last few decades, with many fathers taking primary caregiver role for their kids. Over 50 percent of fathers said they find it difficult to juggle work responsibilities and family life. 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My older sister attended the same choirs and

Importance Of Valid Consent In Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Valid Consent In Healthcare. Answer: In healthcare, valid consent is an essential component where the healthcare provider discloses information to a patient who is competent enough to make voluntary choice in accepting or refusing treatment. It is the legal and ethical rights of a patient to know and direct what happens to their body However, there are various forms of barrier that is witnessed in getting a valid consent from the patient. In the given case study, Lalah Khalili, a 14-year-old girl is suspected with post-traumatic stress disorder and to give her a mild sedative, conduct and ECG and take a blood test, a valid informed consent is required. However, she is a minor and lack judgment power to make able decisions for her. In such cases, her parents have to provide a valid consent, but they have limited English ability. Therefore, the following essay deals with the discussion of importance of valid consent, barriers for the valid consent and solutions for getting the valid consent. A person who has the capacity to make effective decisions about a specific issue gives valid consent and free from any influence or manipulation that might alter the decisions made as stated by Queensland Health, Australia (Queensland Health, 2013). When a transparent decision is made between the patient and healthcare professional, it offers balance and sensitivity to the situation. Information must be given to the patient or any reasonable person who can make reasonable valid consent in the patients position. Impaired informed consent leads to 11.5% of conciliated complaints and 3.4% of medical negligence in the valid consent process (Grady, 2015). Moreover, a person who is minor (below 18 years of age) is considered minor and requires parents or a legal guardian to provide valid consent on behalf of the childs treatment. However, under the Australian Law, teenagers are recognized as competent to provide informed consent for themselves, as they get older. Parents and their minor ch ildren hold concurrent rights in providing consent for treatment for minor patients below the age of 18 years. There is various type of consent like implied, verbal and written form. In the given case study, although Lalah Khalili has the ability to make decisions for herself, it should be taken under the vigilance of her parents. In healthcare, nurses have the responsibility to work within the law that shape their nursing practice. Under Registered Nurse Standards for Practice in Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), valid consent is an ethical and legal obligation. Failure to obtain a valid consent is considered a criminal offence and tort of law (Cashin et al., 2017). They have the obligation to work under ethical frameworks when they make efficient decisions during assessment, planning, action and evaluation. In the given case study, before the administration of mild sedative, conduction of ECG and blood test, a valid informed consent is important to obtain. However, there are barriers witnessed in this situation that will be discussed in the next section. A nurse should take care of the fact that the patient is providing her consent to the treatment procedures voluntarily and without any coercion feelings. She should be able to understand the intervention elements and make a necessary choice for receiving the intervention. However, one major issue that occurs in obtaining valid consent of minors in health intervention is the disruption of balance between the vulnerability and immaturity of the minor and the right to get emancipated from parents decisions. The physicians and nurses are not supposed to assume that a patient lacks the capacity of providing consent based on her behavior, age, appearance, disability, beliefs, literacy or socioeconomic status, or mental health condition (such as post traumatic stress disorder). Age influences, language barriers and mental stigma can hinder effective communication between the nurse and the patient while obtaining consent. The nurses should take care of the fact that valid consent will have t o be provided to the patient, Lalah Khalili in a language that she and her parents can comprehend and understand. It is known that she and her brother are good English speakers. If the consent is provided to her in English language, the quality of interpretation of the consent will be correct. However, if there is the use of a language not known to her, it can lead to misunderstandings and incorrect responses. Furthermore, her parents should also be involved in the process of providing consent owing to her young age. If her parents are non-English speaking, poor translations from the staff can lead to dangerous misinterpretations and misdiagnosis (Lee et al., 2017). This will lead to decline in patient care quality and satisfaction. Another barrier is the age of the patient. Australian laws related to medical treatment recognize that patients aged 18 years or more have the legal capacity to make decisions related to self healthcare (Bismark et al., 2012). Prior to 18 years of age, t he legal guardian or parents are entitled to provide consent to the medical treatment of their child. Minors are generally not allowed to give consent to own treatment, except when they are in the military or married. However, the law states that teenagers become competent with development and are at times capable to get involved in the process of obtaining the consent (Law Reform Commission, 2008). Depending on the age and competency, minors can be approached for participation in giving valid consent. The nurses and physicians would have to judge the each patient based on their individual capacity. Moreover, the nurses will also have to evaluate whether the patient demonstrates sufficient knowledge of her health condition and a sound understanding of the necessary medical interventions that include the adverse effects that can occurs and the impending dangers that can arise if she withdraws from the treatment. Another barrier that can arise while obtaining consent is the patients medical condition (Spatz, E. S., Krumholz, H. M., Moulton, B. W. 2016). She has been admitted after an episode of post traumatic stress disorder. This condition can arise as a result of some traumatic experience and is a form of anxiety disorder. Often patients suffering from PTSD witness some events that create an impact on their mental health. The concerned patient and her parents may not allow cons ent to therapeutic interventions due to fear of stigmatization from the mental condition, embarrassment issues and fear of less availability of specialist therapies. The altered mental state of the patient may make her incompetent to judge the process of intended medical treatment. This will create a hindrance in giving consent for interventions. Nursingprofession recognizes human rights universally and regards safeguarding patient dignity as a moral responsibility. According to the code of ethics for Australian nurses, they should value informed consent and decision making while catering to the needs of their patients. They should value the moral and legal right of all patients to participate in decision-making events related to their healthcare concerns (Nursing Council, 2008). This involves avoiding any cultural stereotype based assumptions. They should use relevant illustrations and written information to depict the patients current physical condition and the possible route of therapeutic intervention. They should arrange for a qualified health interpreter to overcome language barriers prior to consultation (Douglas et al., 2012). A registered nurse who has undergone extensive training is eligible to take delegated consent. Nurses should also respect and recognize their patients wishes once the latter is fully informed a nd has the capability of take decisions. However, if the patient declines giving consent to any life-saving treatment methods, the nurse should immediately consult substitute decision makers and seek second opinion from medical practitioners. When the patients are unable to provide consent owing to young age, disabilities or legal constraints, the nurses should recognize and efficiently utilize the contribution made by parents or legal guardians for providing effective treatment facilities. Nurses should be knowledgeable about these circumstances and should facilitate the role of partners, family members and friends in decision-making processes. Patients with limited literacy on health issues should be described the plan for medical treatment to fill in the gaps in their analysis of the current situation. The reason for ambivalence shown by the patient should be ascertained (Simonds, Garroutte Buchwald, 2017). They should be given time to reflect on the suggestions provided and to reconsider their health status. The social and cultural history of the patient should also be considered in case it poses a hindrance in giving consent. Any form of stigmatizing attitudes associated with mental health status should be removed ( WA Health, 2016). This can be done by creating awareness among the patient and the family members regarding the underlying causes of mental disturbances and the effective treatment procedures that can be adopted to reduce the symptoms. It is the legal and ethical obligation of a nurse to inform patients about the risks associated with noncompliance. They should also reassure their patients that the medical team will provide the best facilities to help the patient. Regardless of whether consent is obtained or not, nurses should document all details relevant to the proposed treatment (Hoeyer Hogle, 2014). Well documented consent will verify that the nurse and physicians have met their obligations in providing necessary information to the concerned patient about possible treatment options. From the above discussion, it can be witnessed that obtaining a valid consent is important in the healthcare and nursing practice. Healthcare professionals have to work in accordance with the law and ethics to provide the best quality of care and ensure patient safety. In the case study of Lalah Khalili, various barriers were observed while obtaining an informed consent like language, age and lack of health literacy. As she is a minor, her parents must be involved in obtaining the informed consent before the diagnosis and treatment process. Moreover, her parents have limited English ability and in such cases qualified medical interpreter is required who would provide accurate information to Lalah and her family that aid in taking able decisions for her PTSD treatment. References Bismark, M. M., Gogos, A. J., McCombe, D., Clark, R. B., Gruen, R. L., Studdert, D. M. (2012). Legal disputes over informed consent for cosmetic procedures: a descriptive study of negligence claims and complaints in Australia.Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery,65(11), 1506-1512. Cashin, A., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Devey, L., Buckley, T., Cox, D., ... Fisher, M. (2017). Standards for practice for registered nurses in Australia. Collegian, 24(3), 255-266. Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., Crisp, J., Taylor, C. (2012).Potter Perry's fundamentals of nursing-Australian version. Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Grady, C. (2015). Enduring and emerging challenges of informed consent. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 855-862. Hoeyer, K., Hogle, L. F. (2014). Informed consent: The politics of intent and practice in medical research ethics.Annual Review of Anthropology,43, 347-362. Law Reform Commission. (2008).Young People and Consent to Health Care. Law Reform Commission: Sydney.Retrieved from: https://www.lawreform.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Publications/Reports/Report-119.pdf Lee, J. S., Prez-Stable, E. J., Gregorich, S. E., Crawford, M. H., Green, A., Livaudais-Toman, J., Karliner, L. S. (2017). Increased access to professional interpreters in the hospital improves informed consent for patients with limited English proficiency.Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1-8. Nursing, A., Council, M. (2008).Codes of Professional Conduct Ethics for Nurses Midwives in Australia 2008. Nurses Board of South Australia. Queensland Health. (2013).Delegated consent position statement. Retrieved from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/156082/delegated_consent_pos_sta.pdf Simonds, V. W., Garroutte, E. M., Buchwald, D. (2017). Health Literacy and Informed Consent Materials: Designed for Documentation, Not Comprehension of Health Research.Journal of Health Communication, 1-10. Spatz, E. S., Krumholz, H. M., Moulton, B. W. (2016). Informed Consent and the Reasonable-Patient StandardReply.Jama,316(9), 993-994. WA Health. (2016). Consent to Treatment Policy. Retrieved from: https://www.health.wa.gov.au/circularsnew/attachments/1135.pdf

Las vegas Essay Example

Las vegas Essay Introduction and Aim Las Vegas is one of the most celebrated, popular, and profitable gambling and touristry finishs in the universe. Get downing from the 1980s, Las Vegas has developed itself through a series of strategic stigmatization attempts, smart placement, catchy selling and advertisement runs, and the development of mega resorts and amusement centres. To understand how Las Vegas has become the gambling and touristry hot spot that it presently is, the bet oning history of Las Vegas must be studied: the authorities s function in legalising gaming and transforming the gambling industry, the arguments over the societal costs vs. societal benefits of the gambling industry, and the game-changing megaresort hotels aiming households that opened on the Las Vegas strip. We will write a custom essay sample on Las vegas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Las vegas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Las vegas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Looking at current times, the selling schemes of Las Vegas have shifted from aiming households to conveying the ‘sin dorsum in ‘Sin City, making the image of a hedonic resort area. Yet, the glorification and success of Las Vegas has been threatened by the recession. It is indispensable to see merely how the economic downswing has affected Las Vegas, in order to calculate the hereafter of Las Vegas from here on out. The intent of this paper is to analyze and understand the yesteryear and present Las Vegas ; to see the way of development Las Vegas has undergone in order to situate the hereafter of Sin City. A Brief History of Casino Gambling In the United States Gambling was legalized in 1931, in the thick of an economic depression ( Hsu 1 ) . The intent of legalising what was so perceived to be an immoral activity was to obtain the revenue enhancement and economic benefits that chancing could bring forth, and to cut down the â€Å"corruptive effect† of illegal, uncontrolled gaming ( 4 ) . Joseph Schumpeter noted in the 1930 s that supplying a new good to the devouring public consequences in economic growing ( Walker 5 ) . Because chancing was one time an illegal activity, the legalisation of it was tantamount to presenting a new good to the populace. And so, after chancing was legalized, there was a immense detonation in the popularity of gambling, and immediate economic growing as a consequence of legalisation ( Hsu 5 ) . After seeing the great economic encouragement of casinos, the general position of chancing changed—while gaming was one time viewed as being ‘tolerated and as a ‘necessary immorality in society, public policy functionaries now view chancing as an built-in portion of the amusement industry ( McGowan 14 ) . The Numberss back this up: in 1999, the gambling industry became the largest section of the overall American amusement industry ; Out of the about $ 100 billion spent on American amusement, bet oning outgo was 36 % of that entire, while film admittances was 7 % and witness athleticss were 7 % ( 24 ) . The Rise of Las Vegas as the Casino Gaming Capital of the United States Nevada was the lone legal casino bet oning legal power for 45 old ages, until Atlantic City was approved for casino gambling ( Hsu 5 ) . Therefore, since the legalisation of gambling, Las Vegas has ever been the first and first epicentre of casino gaming in the United States. Las Vegas casinos began to be built and operated in the 1940 s, and for 40 old ages, Las Vegas casinos were associated with gangsters ( Hsu 15 ) . Regardless of the small figure of hotels that were really under the rabble s influence, this image prevailed until the 1980 s, when a new epoch dawned upon Las Vegas. In 1989, the Mirage hotel opened, and it changed the whole manner Las Vegas operated and was viewed by the populace. This is because the Mirage was the first of a new strain of hotels in Las Vegas: the ‘megaresort. Las Vegas had ever been the ‘traditional market for casino gaming ; casino operations were merely that—casino operations. However, the Mirage marketed itself as a ‘f amily oriented holiday centre or ‘super casino ( 9 ) . At these mega resorts, gaming was lone portion of the entire experience ; now, grownups would experience comfy taking their households to Las Vegas and basking the metropolis together. The Mirage billed itself as a resort that happened to offer casinos, alternatively of as a casino merely. It became a ‘must-see Polynesian-style attractive force with a $ 31 million break outing vent outside the hotel, and a 20,000 gallon fish tank inside incorporating alien tropical fish ( McGowan 35 ) . The gap of the Excalibur in 1990 continued the enlargement of this new strain of mega-resorts, which became immense ‘demand generators and attracted new participants and visitants ( Laventhol A ; Horwath 1990, 21 ) . The Excalibur had a mediaeval times atmosphere, with costumed hosts ( McGowan 35 ) . The Mirage and the Excalibur were the first major hotel/casinos to be constructed in Las Vegas since 1974, and added 7,000 suites to Las Vegas room stock list ( Laventhol A ; Horwath 1989, 21 ) . MGM besides renovated its casino operations and construct a subject park, and because of these actions, MGM experienced success every bit good ; MGM saw a 22 per centum additio n in bet oning grosss and a 24 per centum addition in visitants during the early 1990s as a consequence ( McGowan 10 ) . The gap of these megaresorts in Las Vegas had great effects on the tendencies and Numberss of the touristry and bet oning industries of the full state. In 1993, casino gambling became the preferable signifier of gambling in the United States ; casino bet oning grosss were greater than lottery grosss for the first clip in history ( McGowan 9 ) . In add-on, although it had been predicted in the 1990 Annual Study of Financial Results and Reporting Tendencies: U.S. Gaming Industry that the latter half of 1989 would see a flattening in growing of casinos in the U.S. , there was really a crisp turnaround in December 1989 due to the gap of the Mirage in Las Vegas ( 21 ) . Statewide casino grosss for Nevada dramatically increased besides as a consequence of the new megaresorts opening. In 1989, harmonizing to the 1990 Annual Study of Financial Results and Reporting Tendencies: U.S. Gaming Industry, statewide casino grosss were $ 4.5 billion, a 10.2 per centum year-to-year addition over the $ 4.1 billion in grosss for 1988 ( 21 ) . In Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip represented 47 % of the province s entire casino/hotel grosss ( 21 ) . Casino grosss of the Strip s 27 operations besides passed the $ 2 billion grade, a figure in surplus of what the full province produced in 1979 ( 21 ) . This figure was a 6.4 % addition over the old twelvemonth ( 21 ) . In add-on, by the terminal of 1990, Las Vegas had the largest figure of hotel suites of any metropolis in US. Over one million square pess of convention infinite was besides added, cementing Las Vegas as a major convention finish. In the survey, Laventhol A ; Horwath predicted that though the sudden inflow of new suites and casino infinite would at first adversely affect the net incomes of some casinos, over the long term, with the exhilaration generated by these alterations, Las Vegas will emerge as an even more powerful magnet for touristry. They were right. By 1999, bet oning in Nevada represented 40 % of the entire US non-Indian casino bet oning market ( McGowan 30 ) . As a consequence of the new strain of ace casinos, Las Vegas has become the metropolis where there is merely excessively much to see and make in a few yearss. The mean length of stay in Las Vegas had a 12 % addition between 1998 and 1999, and there was an addition of 18 % in Las Vegas visitant disbursement between 1998 and 1999 ( 37 ) . The Las Vegas Visitor Profile Study showed that there was a 19 % addition in chancing budget, 14 % addition in lodging, 21 % addition in nutrient and drink, a 10 % addition in shopping, and a 21 % addition in show grosss ( McGowan36 ) . In 1999, Las Vegas gambling had a 18 per centum addition of in gambling gross, yet, had an even larger 31 per centum addition in non-gaming gross. ( 37 ) . The immense addition in non-gaming gross can be attributed to several chief factors, harmonizing to McGowan ( 37 ) . First, Las Vegas became a all right dining attraction—Las Vegas is now celebrated both for its inexpensive counters and five star, celebrity-chef headed eating houses. In add-on, Las Vegas shows have become more and more elaborate and expensive over the old ages, hosting top stars such as Barbara Streisand, Elton John, and Celine Dion ; there are besides forte shows such as the Cirque du Soleil shows, and of class, packaging events. There besides has been a enormous success in Las Vegas Strip retail shops. In 1999, 53 % of visitants shopped while in Las Vegas ( 37 ) . Social Costss of the Gaming Industry Despite the good and attractive economic growing, revenue enhancement gross, and employment effects of casinos, there are still many on-going concerns and arguments over the casinos doing chancing dependences, which result in damaging societal costs ( Walker 2 ) . The casino industry has maintained through the old ages that its merchandise is merely a signifier of amusement, much like watching athleticss or films, which besides have monetary values attached to them. However, research workers argue that chancing is basically different from other signifiers of amusement because of the societal costs of chancing dependences. A societal cost is defined as a â€Å"reduction in societal existent wealth†Ã¢â‚¬â€the wealth spoken of here does non mention to hard currency money, but instead, whatever is valued by persons ( 88 ) . Addicted, pathological gamblers inflict high societal costs, which could really countervail the economic benefits of casinos. Many research workers have written about the societal costs of chancing dependence, which include: loss of income from missed work, decreased productiveness on the occupation, depression and physical unwellness related to emphasize, increased self-destruction efforts, bailout costs, unrecovered loans to pathological gamblers, unpaid debts and bankruptcies, higher insurance premiums ensuing from pathological gambler-caused fraud, corruptness of public functionaries, strive on public services, industry cannibalization ( that is, other industries suffer losingss due to casinos gap in a town or metropolis ) , and divorces caused by chancing ( Walker 87 ) . Thompson did a survey in 1997 about the one-year societal cost ( in dollars ) per compulsive gambler. He found that for one compulsive gambler, the societal cost is about $ 9,469. This includes therapy ( $ 361 ) , unemployment compensation ( $ 214 ) , bad debts ( $ 1487 ) , bankruptcy tribunal costs ( $ 334 ) , public assistance costs ( $ 334 nutrient casts and assistance to dependent kids ) , and condemnable justness costs ( $ 3,498 larcenies, apprehensions, captivity ) ( Walker 98 ) . These societal costs are unloaded unto others, and non paid by the addicted gambler, which is besides why Thompson did non include any figures refering money stolen by a compulsive gambler, which he considers to be a wealth transportation, non a societal cost. Walker and Barnett besides studied the emotional costs that pathological gamblers impose on to their friends and households ; these emotional loads can besides be considered to be societal costs ( Walker 101 ) . Bailout costs are non, harmonizing to Walker, considered to be societal costs, but this is merely another negative consequence of gamblers dependences. Identifying a Gambling Addiction A individual with a chancing dependence is non merely person who likes to travel and chance a batch ; there are several trials that can name a pathological gambler. The DSM-IV is a diagnostic instrument used in psychological science and psychopathology that classifies chancing dependences by inquiring a figure of inquiries. A individual is diagnosed as a pathological gambler if he or she can be described by five or more of the undermentioned conditions ( DSM-IV 1994, p. 618 ) : The person†¦ The person†¦ is preoccupied with gaming ( e.g. preoccupied with live overing past gaming experiences, disabling or be aftering the following venture, or thought of ways to acquire money with which to chance ) demands to chance with increasing sums of money in order to accomplish the coveted exhilaration. has repeated unsuccessful attempts to command, cut back, or halt gaming. is ungratified or cranky when trying to cut down or halt gaming gambles as a manner of get awaying from jobs or of alleviating a distressed temper ( e.g. , feelings of weakness, guilt, anxiousness, depression ) . after losing money gaming, frequently returns another twenty-four hours to acquire even ( trailing one s losingss ) prevarications to household members, healer, or others to hide the extent of engagement with chancing has committed illegal Acts of the Apostless such as Has jeopardized or lost a important relationship, occupation, or educational or calling chance because of chancing relies on others to supply money to alleviate a despairing fiscal state of affairs caused by chancing ( Walker 168-169 ) . ( Walker 168-169 ) . It is of import to inquire gamblers how the individual financed his/her gaming, and the maximal sum lost in one twenty-four hours, because clinicians rely on these estimations to mensurate the decrease in chancing activity station intervention ( Walker 120 ) . It is hard nevertheless, to deduce and cipher gaming losingss, because gamblers frequently do nt cognize how much money they have spent and who they have borrowed from ( because they ve borrowed from so many people ) ( 121 ) . Thompson and Schwer besides estimated the societal costs of chancing specifically in Las Vegas entirely. They estimated that 3.5 % of the population is a pathological gambler ( which translates to about 38,571 grownups ) , with an estimated cost per gambler of $ 10,053 per twelvemonth, and a entire estimated cost per twelvemonth of $ 387.8 million ( Walker 130 ) . Why the Argument over Social Costs Is Relevant Understanding the societal costs of chancing is indispensable to researching the success of casinos, because casinos frequently sharply market to consumers who have high chancing dependence rates within their communities. For case, casino operators sharply pursue Asians both domestically and abroad. These targeted demographics include the freshly affluent Chinese ( who have late become Las Vegas best clients ) , Asian-Americans, and recent immigrants from the Pacific Rim ( Rivlin ) . One major attempt to provide to Asiatic clients includes redesigning immense parts of casino floors in order to appeal to the gustatory sensations of Asiatic invitees. Harrah s Entertainment, which owns casinos in Atlantic City and Las Vegas, has been a taste-maker in this field. In early 2006, Harrah s opened a gambling and dining country, inspired by Ming- and Song-dynasty architecture, at the Showboat in Atlantic City ( Rivlin ) . The company imported carven forests from China in order to make a twelve chemin de fer tabular arraies ( which is the preferable game for many Asiatic participants ) , and several tabular arraies for pai gow fire hook. Other casinos have followed suit, such as the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City and Mohegan Sun in Connecticut, which have besides built all-Asian chancing cavities. Due to these attempts, table game gross at the Showboat increased 35 % in 2006, which was an addition from $ 46 million to $ 63 million. The casino besides doubled its concern among its Asiatic participants. In Las Vegas, these successful alterations are besides being implemented—Asian-themed chemin de fer salons are distributing across Las Vegas, and this is entirely due to its popularity among the Chinese, harmonizing to William Weidner, the president of Las Vegas Sands ( which is the parent company of the Venetian ) . The ground for these high-cost alterations are because of high rollers, sometimes called giants, who are the improbably affluent V.I.P. s who will put on the line 1000000s of dollars over a individual weekend, or 10s of 1000s of dollars on one manus. 80 per centum of Las Vegas biggest giants are from Asia, most of them baccarat participants from China and Hong Kong ( Rivlin ) . Harmonizing to Weidner, the Asiatic client normally spends much more of their disposable income on gaming, and even is known to take their repasts in the chemin de fer salon. Mr. Weidner recognizes the importance of his Asiatic invitees and their money to his concern. He even travels to Hong Kong with an translator in order to plan his casinos with the advice of a feng shui maestro. The job with selling to Asiatic clients is nt with these giants from abroad, but with the aggressive selling tactics used to court less-affluent Asian-Americans. Las Vegas casinos create advertizements written in Asiatic idioms, and topographic point those advertizements in Asian community newspapers in metropoliss near Las Vegas ( Rivlin ) . They besides send out Mailers written in a receiver s native linguistic communication, and despatch particular coachs to any Chinatown within a twenty-four hours s thrust. Harmonizing to Dr. Fong, the co-director of the Gambling Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, the impact of these attempts is major and widespread. Gambling is an tremendous portion of Asiatic civilization, harmonizing to Kent Woo, the executive manager of the NICOS Chinese Health Coalition in San Francisco, and Woo feels that casinos are working those civilizations and making dependences within the communities. Asiatic militants are really concerned, disquieted, and even highly angry over the selling attempts by casino companies, because surveies have suggested that Asians have higher rates of job chancing than any other groups. A long-run survey by Dr. Fong suggests that â€Å"Asians are three times every bit likely as other groups to develop a serious chancing problem.† It must be noted though, that this decision is based merely on a little sample of Asian-American gamblers populating in Los Angeles. Even still, the California authorities has seen fit to take stairss to assist the Asian-American community with their gaming dependences. The authorities created an Asiatic Pacific Islander Problem Gambling Task Force in 2004 ; the focal point of this group is to supply intervention and bar plans for Asian-Americans who can non talk English. It is of import to acknowledge that chancing brings about non merely societal benefits, but harmful societal costs every bit good. Casinos do impact the communities around them tremendously, and they rather perchance are even taking advantage of the failings of a certain community to chance, in order to drive up grosss and net incomes. Dr. Fong says, â€Å"If there s this concealed job of dependence that s non being addressed, and that s what we think is go oning, it will easy eat off at the cloth of the community† ( Rivlin ) .A Change in Focus—â€Å"What Happens Here Stays Here† Although Las Vegas gained its popularity as a touristry hot spot by going a family-friendly finish, in recent old ages the unofficial slogan of Las Vegas has been that â€Å"sin is in again† ( McMullen ) . In the early 2000 s, due to grok selling, Las Vegas enjoyed a Renaissance of kinds, in which there was a newfound moving ridge of popularity for casinos and chancing ( Bogomolny ) . In January 2003, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority launched a $ 58 million, 20-month run centered around the new tagline for the metropolis of Las Vegas: â€Å"What Happens Here, Stays Here† ( Thomaselli ) . This old catch phrase has invaded popular civilization, and Las Vegas one time once more had a new, successful image that redefined the metropolis. Billy Vassiliadis, CEO of R A ; R Partners, which created the run, says that the tagline has become so popular because he researched what it is that makes people want to see Las Vegas ; he found that Las Vegas had a â€Å"li berating capacity† for people—people go to Las Vegas to make and eat and see things they would nt woolgather of making back at place. The run consisted of sexy, high-strung â€Å"Vegas stories† commercials, which, harmonizing to USA Today s Ad Tracker, was the 7th most sympathetic run, and tied with Citibank for the most effectual run of the twelvemonth. Pleased with the success of the ads, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority rolled over R A ; R s contract for an extra five old ages, less than six months into the launch of the run ( Thomaselli ) . Not everyone loves and supports this run though—many company executives disapprove of the hedonism-encouraging run. Steven Hacker, president of the International Association for Exhibition Management, Dallas, said that this run is â€Å"not the most effectual message to direct into the concern sector, as executives are the 1s who decide where conventions are held ( Thomaselli ) . The image of a company may be blemished if the company holds their conferences and conventions in Sin City, where anything goes, and â€Å"What Happens Here, Stays Here.† However, harmonizing toTerry Jicinsky, senior VP-marketing for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, â€Å"convention attending increased by 12.9 % in 2003 compared with 2002, and conventioneers non-gaming economic impact was up 11.8 % last twelvemonth compared to the old year.† Even with disapproval of the wickedness run from corporations, the usage of wickedness to pull visitants has made a strong rejoinder in Las Vegas- after all Las Vegas moniker is Sin City. An increasing figure of Las Vegas hotels and resorts are offering more adult-oriented adjustments and amusement ( McMullen ) . Las Vegas is traveling off from aiming households, and traveling towards marketing peculiarly to â€Å"twenty-and mid-thirtiess, who have no ties and want to truly botch themselves, † harmonizing to Erika Yowell, senior director, media dealingss for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Bureau ( McMullen ) . The Numberss show that there has been success in marketing Las Vegas as an grownup resort area: the average age of visitants coming to Las Vegas dropped somewhat, to 49 in 2004 from 50 in 2003, with the largest addition in visitants in the 21-29 and 31-39 age sets ( McMullen ) . McMullen says that this could be attributed to the wildly popular â€Å"What Happens, Here Stays Here† touristry run, which encourages â€Å"adults to lose their inhibitions.† In add-on, hotels and casinos are marketing more to a great extent to grownups through magazines such as GQ, Playboy and InStyle. The Palms Casino Resort has enjoyed peculiar success in this Las Vegas Renaissance of flashiness, glamor, and wickedness, by utilizing advanced selling in order to aim the individual, big demographic. The four Maloof brothers, who are the billionaire co-owners of the Palms Casino Resort, are Masterss of selling ( Bogomolny ) . The Maloofs understood that competition is highly ferocious in Las Vegas, and that they needed to set up a trade name in order to pull clients and prolong their concern. The Maloofs started off by purchasing less-expensive existent estate non located on the dumbly jammed and competitory Las Vegas Strip. Then, after the resort opened ( to non extraordinary success ) , George Maloof convinced the manufacturers of MTV s The Real World to movie a season at the Palms ( Bogomolny ) . The Maloofs paid $ 1.5 million to restitute the twenty-eighth floor of their hotel, making a posh place for the seven aliens who would populate together and movie a world show together. Once the show aired in 2002, things turned drastically about, and the Palms became tremendously successful due to its appealing to youth. The history of Las Vegas success revolves around the hotel and casino industry aiming households and older visitants but the Maloofs â€Å"tapped into a badly underserved market in Vegas: youth† ( Bogomolny ) . With The Real World, the Maloofs revitalized the old image of chancing as â€Å"a fun societal interest, † and Las Vegas as the topographic point to bask one s young person. While the mean age of a Las Vegas tourer was 59 at the clip, the mean Palms hotel invitee was under 35. The success of the Palms came from their mantra to â€Å"get clients while they re immature, [ because ] you ll perpetrate them to your trade name for life† ( Bogomolny ) . The Palms continues to continue its hip image today by milking all the famous person connexions it can. The Maloofs do whatever they can to pull the â€Å"young, rich, celebrated and beautiful† to â€Å"pull in celebrity-obsessed customers† ( Bogomolny ) . In add-on, the Maloofs realized the importance of cross-promotion. The Maloofs own the NBA squad the Sacramento Kings, and so the Maloofs advertise at Arco Arena, which is where the Kings drama. After their carefully crafted success, the Maloofs have enjoyed the fruits of their labours they unveiled a $ 600 million enlargement of their comparatively little hotel ( the Palms opened with merely 425 hotel suites, compared to the mean 4,000 hotel suites of the hotels on the Las Vegas Strip ) ( Bogomolny ) . They constructed 599 condominium units adjacent to the hotel, and built an extra â€Å"347-room hotel tower themed with party suites and Playboy branded high-end sofa and retail locales, † and â€Å"46 mega su ites and sky penthouses complete with characteristics conducive to furthering the escapist outlook, such as excess sound insularity, private swimming pools, hearths and even basketball courts† ( McMullen ) . The Maloofs became the faces of the new Las Vegas, demoing the metropolis what it takes to regenerate and pull new types of clients in such a dumbly competitory industry. Many other hotel corporations have followed suit in aiming immature visitants. Beaks of America purchased Hotel San Remos on Tropicana Avenue, and spent $ 130 million to restitute and rebrand the 711-room belongings into a Hooters Casino Hotel ( McMullen ) . MGM Mirage has alter the image of Treasure Island, a 2,885-room hotel that opened in 1993, to that of an an exciting and energetic grownup atmosphere, every bit described as Tom Mikulich, president of MGM Mirage. Treasure Island, like several other casino resorts in Las Vegas, has reduced comfortss targeted towards kids, and added attractive forces appealing to more mature audiences. Mikulich says of the alterations to Treasure Island: We downsized our arcade, added a sultry cabaret, changed out the skull-and-crossbones pavilion for more modern-day signage and enhanced the plagiarist show to include the sexy Sirens of Treasure Island† ( McMullen ) . In add-on, there had been an increasing demand for more exciting night life, and the bing hotels took notice, constructing more cabarets and adult-themed shows. The MGM Grand, which opened in 1993, late opened a cabaret, Tabu. New York, New York, which has been in operation since 1997, offers a sexy Cirque du Soleil show called Zumanity. The Hard Rock Hotel and Casino, which opened in 1999, besides opened a cabaret named Body English. The new end of the 2000s was for Las Vegas hotels to convey in the immature late-night partiers to their belongingss. Effectss of the Recession on Las Vegas Tourism A ; Bet oning Numbers Even though Las Vegas has been one of the â€Å"fastest-growing cities in the U.S.† for twenty old ages, Las Vegas has non been immune to the economic downswing ( Stein ) . In fact, Las Vegas has been particularly hit hard by the recession ; in 2009, Las Vegas touristry and bet oning Numberss suffered record hits. The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority reported that in 2008, visitant volume was down 4.4 per centum to 37.5 million, tenancy rates went down 4.4 per centum points to 86 per centum, and the mean day-to-day room rate lowered 9.8 per centum to $ 119.19 ( Velotta ) . These lessenings can be attributed to stop dead recognition markets, increased unemployment, and volatile fuel monetary values, which resulted in decreased consumer assurance, and a lessening in disbursement for travel and touristry. The province Gaming Control Board reported its Numberss for the financial twelvemonth 2008 ( the last six months of 2007-2008 and the first six months of 2008-2009 ) , and bet oning win had its â€Å"steepest per centum diminution in history† ( Velotta ) . Clark County s bet oning win was $ 771.8 million, down 18.4 per centum from the same month a twelvemonth earlier. The Strip s win was down 23.2 per centum to $ 474.2 million. In the Southern Nevada submarkets, downtown Las Vegas win decreased 17.5 per centum to $ 41.3 million, the Boulder strip was away 9.2 per centum to $ 76.3 million, Laughlin fell 18 per centum to $ 37.4 million and Mesquite was down 25.1 per centum to $ 10 million. The touristry Numberss for December 2008 were in line with the province s gambling figures. Visitor volume decreased aggressively by 10.9 per centum to 3 million—this was 2008 s worst monthly per centum diminution ( Velotta ) . In add-on, Las Vegas tenancy fell 9.9 per centum points to 73.3 per centum, which is besides the worst monthly per centum diminution of the twelvemonth. December s mean day-to-day room rate was off 14.2 per centum to $ 96.39 ; this was the first clip in 2008 that the rate went below the $ 100 grade. This is particularly flooring when sing the fact that the mean day-to-day room rate and tenancy degrees in 2008 were at record highs a twelvemonth earlier. Las Vegas, which is the figure one convention metropolis in the U.S. , has besides seen a crisp lessening in convention travel ( Stein ) . Convention attending for December fell 4.7 per centum to 123,588, besides the worst month of the twelvemonth ( although to be just, December is traditionally the worst executing month for conventions ) ( Velotta ) . For the full twelvemonth though, convention traffic fell 5 per centum to 5.9 million. The figure of meetings held was down 16.7 per centum in December to 1,071. For the twelvemonth, it was away 5.8 per centum to 22,454. The lessening in convention traffic can be attributed to the â€Å"AIG effect† ( Stein ) . Sheldon Adelson, a bulk proprietor of Las Vegas Sands, and a casino fable, believes that portion of the ground why convention travel has taken a hit is due to Obama â€Å"vilifying† Las Vegas ( â€Å"Vegas Mogul† ) . In February 2009, Obama made the undermentioned remark: You ca nt take a trip to Las Vegas or down to the Super Bowl on the taxpayers dime.† The combination of dirt over bailed-out banking companies such as AIG still taking munificent trips, and the fact that Las Vegas has become synonymous with a â€Å"good time† for grownups has led to what Adelson feels is an unjust onslaught on Vegas. He says, If you are traveling to revile Las Vegas because it s a great topographic point to travel, allow s revile all 30 provinces that legalized gambling What s the deduction here? That the authorities on taxpayer money will merely let people to travel to top ographic points where they will non bask themselves, where they are traveling to detest it ( â€Å"Vegas Mogul† ) . The recoil against corporate disbursals, and freshly image-conscious corporations declining to pass money to go to a topographic point nicknamed Sin City, has â€Å"worsened the travel slack, † and has led to the decrease of occupations as a consequence. Nevada s car traffic Numberss can besides state us how touristry has decreased in the province. December s mean day-to-day car traffic fell 2.5 per centum to 80,736 vehicles a twenty-four hours on all major main roads and 1.3 per centum to 38,586 vehicles on Interstate 15 at the Nevada-California boundary line ( Velotta ) .. For the twelvemonth, traffic was down 5.3 per centum on I-15 and other major main roads Las Vegas besides has the â€Å"highest foreclosure rate of any major tube area† ( Stein ) . Besides, the unemployment rate jumped from 3.8 % to 12.3 % in merely three old ages clip. Those who have been able to maintain their occupations are still enduring, because their pay depends on generous tips from the patronage. The lone cardinal index of touristry that increased in 2008 was room inventory—room stock list is up 5.7 per centum to 140,529 suites ( Velotta ) . However, this is non necessary a good thing for tourism—with more suites, local functionaries will hold to convey in even more tourers and visitants to Las Vegas in order to beef up the tenancy and ADR rates. The addition in room stock list was due to the gaps of the Palazzo, Wynn Encore, Aliante Station, Eastside Cannery, and the gap of a new tower in South Point on Las Vegas Boulevard South. In add-on, there are frozen building undertakings everyplace because casino proprietors borrowed manner excessively much money to construct hotels that were manner excessively large ( Stein ) . Nevada is about belly-up because it relies largely on taxing casino proprietors, with no aggregation of income revenue enhancements ( Stein ) . Due to the lessening in grosss in Las Vegas, the province of Nevada has been devastated. The lone infirmary malignant neoplastic disease flying for uninsured patients had to be closed down due to budget cuts, the Las Vegas Art Museum was lost, and there are empty, closed-down shopfronts everyplace, including the Neonopolis, a $ 100 million, 250,000 sq.ft. promenade. The province is so despairing that Steven Horsford, the bulk leader of the Nevada senate and â€Å"de facto caput of Nevada s government† tried to ordain a corporate income revenue enhancement, but was shot down ( Stein ) . Hope for 2010 The CityCenter Looking to the hereafter though, Nevada seems to be really hopeful that 2010 will demo better Numberss. Most of this optimism hinges on the gap of MGM Mirage s CityCenter on the Las Vegas Strip in December 2009. The $ 8 billion CityCenter is described as an â€Å"extraordinary urban resort finish brought to life by eight world-renowned architects† ( â€Å"Vegas City Center† ) . It is a aggregation of hotel resorts, watering place, nightclubs, sofas, and bars, retail shops, abodes, eating houses headed by world-class chefs, dramatic architecture, theatres and shows, convention centres, dynamic public infinites, and art galleries. Conceived in 2004, the intent of the CityCenter was to â€Å"refine and redefine† Las Vegas as a new â€Å"cultural epicentre in the universe, a topographic point that travellers would seek out, much like the Guggenheim in Bilbao or the SONY Center in Berlin† ( â€Å"Vegas City Center† ) . The hope was that the CityCenter would go a topographic point for the community to garner. In add-on, the CityCenter is environmentally responsible—it is one of the largest ( at 18 million square pess ) sustainable developments in the universe. The CityCenter presently has six Gold LEED ® enfranchisements, which is the highest LEED accomplishment by any hotel, retail territory, or residential development in Las Vegas ( â€Å"Vegas CityCenter Earns† ) . Presently, the Vdara Hotel, Crystals retail and amusement territory, Mandarin Oriental, and ARIA Resort A ; Casino ( which has 4,004 technologically advanced guestrooms with floor-to-ceiling Windowss offering positions of the Las Vegas skyline ) have already opened ; The Harmon and residential tenancies are set to open in 2010. CB Richard Ellis Global Gaming Group released its 2010 Las Vegas Strip Forecast A ; Investment Guide, which forecasts per centum additions in overall Las Vegas Strip gross in 2010 ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . The 85-page study said that overall Las Vegas Strip gross is expected to lift by 3 % to 7 % in 2010 ; this prognosis took into history assorted economic and operational factors, and most peculiarly the CityCenter gap and the impact this undertaking will hold on the Strip. 2008 and 2009 will be remembered as â€Å"two of the most disruptive old ages in the history of the Strip, † harmonizing to the Director of Gaming Research and Analysis for CBRE s Global Gaming Group and co-author of the study, Jacob Oberman ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . Although Las Vegas Strip casinos are likely to go on sing gross and net incomes diminutions in 2010, future deductions for Las Vegas are positive. CBRE says that â€Å"investor sentiment will probably better as he adline market gross informations measured on a year-over-year footing turns positive. Additionally, market gross growing sets the phase for net positive occupation growing for Strip casinos in 2010, which bodes good for the local Las Vegas economy† ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . In add-on, harmonizing to the Las Vegas Strip Forecast A ; Investment Guide, â€Å"10 % to 30 % of CityCenter s gross will be incremental gross for the market, while the balance is expected to come at the disbursal of bing Strip casinos. Strip casinos in being prior to October 2009 will see a gross diminution of 3 % to 6.9 % in 2010† ( â€Å"Vegas Strip Revenue† ) . A View against the Optimistic CityCenter Prognosiss Despite these positive prognosiss that the CityCenter will assist Las Vegas recoil in 2010, Jeff Weinstein ( the editor in head of HOTELS Magazine ) believes that the CityCenter will hold to cover with â€Å"serious turning pains† foremost ( Weinstein ) . Many of the condominiums in the CityCenter are still unsold, and the positive prognosiss seem a small unrealistic. Weinstein believes that the CityCenter would really â€Å"cannibalize business† from the other MGM Mirage undertakings on the Las Vegas Strip, and farther injury rates on the Las Vegas Boulevard. Until the economic system is in much better form, the CityCenter will fight. Weinstein believes that the 3-7 % addition in gross for 2010 as predicted by CBRE Global Gaming Group will non happen, and that the added 6,000 suites to hotel stock list due to the CityCenter will merely take to greater competition and more discounting, intending lower room rates in the terminal. As mentioned earlier, when there is more room stock list, it is harder to make full suites. Though the CityCenter has brought great economic benefit to Las Vegas already through the creative activity of 12,000 new occupations, the CityCenter will take clip to make the success that everyone hoped for. The CityCenter opened in the worst possible timing, and it is dubious that the universe will be leaping to see the CityCenter and pass their disposable income at that place. Weinstein hopes fierily though, that possibly in a few old ages clip, when the economic system is better, the CityCenter will be all it was expected to be, to assist Las Vegas make its highest potency. Las Vegas Unwavering Optimism The things that made Las Vegas a first gambling and touristry finish are the same things that are taking to its possible ruin today. Hsu suggests in her book, Legalized Casino Gaming in the United States: the Economic and Social Impact, that there are two local grounds why Las Vegas became so successful in such a short period of clip. The first is that Las Vegas â€Å"offers a synergy that can come merely from holding a concentration of chancing casinos in a individual location† ( Hsu 15 ) . The big casinos do non really vie with other large casinos ; instead, Hsu says, they work together to publicize and Las Vegas as a whole. The consequence is that Las Vegas has become the tourer experience, instead than bet oning at a peculiar casino† ( 103 ) . Large casinos besides are offering more and more services and better pricing of games and amusement merchandises because there is so much impregnation in the casino and hotel market in Las Vegas. The 2nd ground why Las Vegas has grown exponentially in merely a few decennaries is because Las Vegas â€Å"thinks large, † offering â€Å"overcapacity and an surfeit of both chancing and nongambling products† ( Hsu 101 ) . Las Vegas is a topographic point where everything the tourer wants to see and see is available in copiousness ; Las Vegas holds an image of degeneracy, wickedness, hedonism, and extravagancy. As a consequence of this luxury and ‘think large attitude, Stein notes that merely as Las Vegas was the â€Å"epicenter of the excessive ingestion of the past 20 old ages, now it s the deepest crater of the recession over the last year† ( Stein ) . However, in malice of Las Vegas being one of the biggest casualties of the recession, Las Vegas has ever been seen as â€Å"recession cogent evidence, † and so, as Joel Stein points out in Time Magazine, Las Vegas business communities are non taking the recession earnestly plenty. For case, Sheldon Adelson, the casino fable, believes that Las Vegas will bounce and that gustatory sensations have non for good changed due to the recession, because there is no manner America will halt making the â€Å"things they want to do† ( Stein ) . Adelson â€Å"does non believe that America is traveling to basically alter its values from extravagancy to thrift, † and therefore, will non alter his â€Å"strategy of utilizing high-end dining, elephantine suites and lavish convention infinites to pull customers† ( Stein ) . Adelson, who as mentioned before is the president of the Las Vegas Sands Corp. ( which owns the Venetian hotel, the Sands Expo and Convention Center and the Ventian Macao ) , has had his bank history about wholly wiped out last twelvemonth, losing most of his enormous wealth ( Stein ) . In 2007, and 2008, Adelson was the 3rd richest individual in the universe, with a net worth of $ 40 billion. However, by 2009 he lost $ 36.5 billion—â€Å"more than the GDP of half of the states in the world† ( Stein ) . Before the economic downswing, Bankss were â€Å"begging† Adelson to take their money ; Adelson obliged, took all he the money he could, and built a mini-Vegas in Macao, dubbed the Cotai Strip, every bit good as big casinos in Singapore. His debt-to-earnings ratio was a immense 6.8 to 1. Then, when the recession occurred, the bank loans stopped coming his manner and his stock monetary value decreased dramatically from $ 144 to $ 1.42 in March 2009, though it has i ncreased back to around $ 12 ( Stein ) . His building undertakings were halted every bit good. In malice of these tremendous losingss, Stein observes that Adelson does nt look excessively crushed by his losingss. Adelson even said to Stein, A billion dollars does nt purchase what it used to. So it s non every bit tragic as one would assume.† When Adelson s married woman asked him to cut back on his disbursals, Adelson dismissed her, stating that he still had more money than they could of all time pass ( Stein ) . The optimistic and hopeful attitude that Vegas holds is alone to the people of Las Vegas. Neal Smatresk, executive frailty president and provost at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, says that the people of Vegas are non every bit down as those in â€Å"far less devastated cities† because Las Vegas very nature is a town â€Å"built on hopes and dreams† ( Stein ) . After all, chancing in itself is a game of hazards that people take because of their hopes and dreams that they will win the pot. However, though Las Vegas is the ultimate finish for escape, Las Vegas can non get away the sobering jobs and low Numberss that have come about due to the recession.Overview and Conclusion After the legalisation of gaming, the popularity of casino gambling exploded. Las Vegas became the premiere casino gambling and tourer finish in the United States, at an incredibly fast rate. Las Vegas became the ultimate topographic point to get away to and happen astonishing amusement, whether it was with one s households or grownups merely looking to bask all the decadent and hedonic things life had to offer. Las Vegas became what it was due to introducing selling and strong placement schemes. Unfortunately, the strong image of luxury that made Las Vegas a success is besides taking to its failures today. Las Vegas is one of the most oversaturated markets in the universe, with a astonishing figure of hotel suites, casinos, eating houses, shops, and other attractive forces in a densely-packed infinite. Harmonizing to the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Bureau, the entire hotel room stock list in 2004 was 131,503. By 2009, there were 15,000 more suites that were built, conveying the entire figure of hotel suites in Las Vegas in 2009 to 146,781 ( McMullen ) . Though casino gambling is an industry seen as being recession-proof, Las Vegas makes much of their money from non-gaming grosss, and Macau is get downing to outpace the Las Vegas Strip in bet oning grosss ( McGowan ) . Macau is pulling many of the Asian â€Å"whales† that have late sustained Vegas, endangering Las Vegas position as the casino bet oning epicentre of the universe. While Las Vegas image and attitude is that of hope, optimism, and dreams, the current economic state of affairs is both sobering and highly black. Room rates, tenancy rates, gambling and nongaming grosss, and travel Numberss are down all across the board. The really image of wickedness that brought a new, immature demographic into Las Vegas in recent old ages has besides led to a crisp diminution in convention travel, a immense beginning of gross and concern for Las Vegas. Lone clip will state if all those frozen building undertakings will be completed, tenancy and ADR rates can increase, and whether the metropolis of Las Vegas and the province of Nevada can retrieve from the lay waste toing blow of the recession.

Managing and Leading Strategic Change

Managing and Leading Strategic Change Introduction According to Weick and Quinn (1999), organizational change is a fundamental practice. Organizational change involves numerous practices that aim at introducing new approaches. Enhancement of organizational functions leads to the improvement of performance in organizations. It includes the restructuring of organizational functions so as to pave the way for the introduction of the desired changes in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing and Leading Strategic Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, the change affects the culture of an organization as it may call for an overhaul of organizational norms and routines. In this paper, it is argued that organizations have varying practices. The introduction of these practices impede to the management of change. According to Cameron Green (2004), the success and sustainability of organizational performance can be achieved throu gh the strategic management of change in organizations. When managing change in companies, managers need to be aware of the potential impacts of introducing change programs in the organization (Burnes, 2004). The most critical factor that needs to be given attention in the management of organizational change is the culture of an organization. Strategic change often affects the culture of a company and should thus be planned and implemented by factoring in all the operational features of organization (Stace and Dunphy, 1991). This paper discusses the management of strategic change in business ventures. The study looks into organizational culture and how it is affected by strategic change. The paper discusses how the culture of an organization affects the introduction and implementation of change programs. In the paper, it is argued that organizational culture can affect organizational change in either a positive or negative way. Organizational Culture Theory and strategic change Orga nizational culture entails the values, beliefs and attitudes that are held by a firm. These elements define the practices implemented in an organization. Organizational members often consider organizational realities based on their practices. Patterns of behaviour in organizations are best explained through observing the culture of organizations. Culture is critical to the routine operation of a firm. Management of the organization is faceted by the culture of the particular company (Daft, Murphy Willmott, 2010). Therefore, any force that is likely to induce changes in the culture of an organization brings about disturbances to its management. However, modern organizations operate in an environment that is dynamic and continues changing all the time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that they have to keep adjusting their managerial styles. This has a dir ect impact on culture. In most cases, organizational change programs are seen as sources of conflict in the managerial practices of organizations. Change brings about new practices. Organizational members often get it hard to adapt to the new practices because of the habit to use long-held approaches (Amagoh, 2008). According to Stace and Dunphy (1991), organizational culture shapes the internal environment of a company. Culture in the context of an organization is composed of many practices, which define the operational environment of an organization. It includes the long-held assumptions, practices and norms. It also includes the rules and modes of organizational operations developed over a long span of time. The long-held practices of an organization are often normalized and form part of the code of conduct for the organizational employees. Culture includes written and unwritten codes to which organizational employees are to be adhered. They are considered to be valid by organiza tional members and thus commonly accepted and widely practiced. The valid practices and long-held patterns of conducting organizational practices are combined to form the corporate culture. The corporate culture presents itself in a number of ways. The main way through which the corporate culture is manifested in the organization is the mode of business activities. The flow of business transactions differs from one organization to another. The nature in which firms are organized is part of the culture of the company. The other salient feature which depicts the culture of a certain business venture is the manner in which power is distributed in the entity (Fineman, 2008). Power structure which defines the distribution of power and authority in organization varies from one company to the other. This separates one firm from another, hence it is a component of organizational culture. The treatment of organizational workers, customers and the other publics is also a component of organiza tional culture. Therefore, it is worthwhile to deduce that organizational culture is derived from a wide range of organizational functions. The manner in which these functions are performed by companies is what is referred to as corporate culture. Corporate culture defines the characteristics of organizations and how they play out in the interaction between the organization and the environment in which the business operates (Fineman, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing and Leading Strategic Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between organizational culture and strategic change management Organizational culture is the strongest force in organizations. Therefore, it is quite hard to eliminate the long-held practices in a company. However, organizational change has forces which demand a restructuring of organizational operations. With organizational change, the interruption of the cultu re of an organization is an unavoidable activity. Strategic change management is a desired activity in organizations given to the fact that organizations operate in an environment that keeps changing. Change, which occurs in the external environment, necessitates strategic change in organizations as well. The goals and objectives set by the firm are patterned by strategies. Strategies help in the organization to discharge of duties among its workers and managers. They propel organizations towards meeting the laid-down goals. The need for organizational change emanates from forces in the larger environment in which firms carry out their activities. In order to adjust to the forces and maintain their performance records, organizations are often forced to make adjustments to their activities. This helps them in absorbing the stocks from these forces and forging ahead with their operations without impediments. In some cases, change is not only necessitated by the forces of the external environment (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2005). The need for improvement of internal efficiency also necessitates organizational change. Strategic change management is a process that entails a deep look into the operations of the environment and the need to improve the operations through the introduction of new ways of handling organizational tasks. Strategic change can take place in two ways. One of the models of strategic change in companies is the introduction of new programs to replace the prevailing programs. Such cases occur when there is a need for an overhaul of organizational functions so as to meet the demands of the external environment of a firm (Fineman, 2008). For a business company, this is a common practice due to the existence of competition from the external environment. Business firms face a lot of competition in the market, therefore, they keep monitoring trends in the industry and adjust to those trends accordingly. They also keep monitoring other business fir ms which are considered to be their rivals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, change in strategy by their competitors forces them to make changes to an equal degree in order not to be competitively disadvantaged in the market. As they keep working, organizational managers seek to identify areas of weakness in organizations. Organizational weakness resonates from a number of features. These include policies, structure, operational environment and strategies (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). The identification of the areas of weakness is a crucial step for organizational managers as these areas are the sources of inefficiency in the operation of the companies. Therefore, change is needed in streamlining areas which have weaknesses. This means that the routine operations will be interfered with so that the operations can be streamlined. Organizational change is a continuous process. Change occurs in cycles. This means that change cannot be avoided. Change prevails at all times. Strategic change has an enormous impact on the organizational culture. With o rganizational change, the culture of an organization is often subjected to adjustments (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). According to Teece, Pisano and Shuen (1997), organizations keep seeking for better means of improving efficiency and effectiveness in performance. Unlike in the ancient times when organizations stuck to certain modes of operation, modern organization are dynamic. The ancient environment favoured the maintenance of organizational culture because the ancient operating market was less competitive as compared to the current one which is distinguished for high competition. Modern organizations highly embrace dynamism. This is caused by the fact that there is high competition and the need to attain a competitive position in order to benefit from the operational environment. Organizations keep searching for mechanisms of improving the processes of management. Strategic change management is thus a dynamic process which enables organizations to develop and implement strategic goals. Strategic goals are often detailed and seek to address issues within organizations. Organizations engage in a wide rage of activities. Most of these activities force organizations to make changes to their structures (Teece, Pisano and Shuen, 1997). Corporate change and strategic management – influence on organizational culture Organizations seek to raise the levels of performance by diversifying their programs and functions. Corporate strategies lead organizations to the attainment of practices and activities that help them in meeting their corporate goals. Corporate change starts by the evaluation of the competitive landscape within which an organization works. Organizations are required to analyse their capabilities. Capabilities of organizations are reflected in their assets and liabilities. Strategies of change are often developed based on operational capacity of firms. Strategic changes are implemented using organizational resources. This means that limitation of organizational resources will often pose difficulties in the implementation of corporate change. Corporate change entails cumulative changes that are made to the design of organizations (Lucke, 2003). Corporate change is driven by the need for an improvement of organizational practices so as to capitalize on opportunities that exist in the operational environment. On the other hand, corporate change may be directed at eliminating harmful effects that come from the environment. All in all, the motives for organizational change are to improve the performance of an organization. In situations where the forces in the environment are too strong, companies may be forced to use resources to put them in a position in which they cannot be swayed by the forces. In case of mounting pressures from external organizations, businesses are left with limited options. They work under limited timelines. If it takes them longer to adapt to changes, they are bound to fail. Thus, they make quick adjustm ents to corporate functions. This is a risky exercise and puts organizations in a tight angle. Corporate change has to be aligned with organizational strategies. However, this is a daunting task because change results in modification of organizational culture from which organizational strategies are derived (Alvesson, M Sveningsson, 2007). As earlier observed, the current management environment is competitive and highly dynamic. Therefore, firms engage in various activities to help them in keeping pace with their rivals. Organizations must learn to deal with different pressures that result from change as it is a process that cannot be avoided (Argyris, 2001). Organizational change is an activity that has a high degree of dynamism. An example of such activities that are commonly practiced by firms as a way of raising their competitive strengths are mergers and acquisitions (Kavanagh Ashkanasy, 2006). Mergers and acquisitions are among the practices in strategic change management. T hey are part of the operational strategies that are applied by many firms today (Buono Bowditch, 2003). They have an immense impact on the culture of organizations involved. Acquisitions and mergers have proved to be effective mechanisms of attaining growth, corporate diversity and rationalization of organizational operations. According to Van Knippenberg and van Leeuwen (2001), mergers and acquisitions entail a wide range of activities which have a direct effect on the culture of organizations. When organizations involve in merger and acquisitions, they are forced to adopt new models of working. Firms which have emerged often come up with a new charter that defines the functioning of the resultant organizations. Structures of operation used by each organization keep changing. This means that new cultures are developed by such strategic practices of managing firms. Therefore, organizational leaders that are involved in conducting merger and acquisitions are often faced with difficu lt tasks. They have to ensure that they align the structures of the organization with its function. Stable working organizations are developed when the culture of companies, taking part in merger exercise, is properly aligned (Kavanagh Ashkanasy, 2006). This helps in eliminating hitches that may hinder the work of such organizations. Introduction of new structures involves a change in the style of leadership in organizations. Change in organizational leadership necessitates modifications in the pattern of work. Experts in strategic leadership and management argue that change in cross organizational contact is realized when organizations communicate changes to all their members (King et al., 2004; Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002). The impact of radical change on the stability of organizational members Huy (2002) observed that there are different circumstances that necessitate the introduction of change programs in organizations. In a number of cases, organizational managers introduce ra pid change to contain certain situations. Rapid change is introduced to aid in arresting certain situation which seem trivial to organizational functioning. While rapid change programs are applauded for mitigating the barriers to organizational performance, they also have negative effects on the emotional stability of the companies. Rapid changes come with rapid adjustments to work patterns in the businesses. In most cases, employees are taken aback with these change programs. Stability of emotions among organizational employees is a crucial factor. Employees feel more content when they are performing the tasks that they are used in organizations. Rapid changes introduced may require employees to perform the tasks which they had gotten used to performing in the past. The nature and pace of adjustments are defined by the rapid change programs which are often undesired. The situation is further aggravated if there is a failure of organizational managers to perform a quick assessment o f the organization, prior to introducing such program (Fineman, 2003). In most cases, such programs end up failing to meet their intended objectives because they do not take into account the emotional state of organizational employees. The emotional state of employees is determined by the operational norms of an organization, thence organizational culture. Every activity, which has the potential to sway the mental state of employees, needs to be approached with caution. Therefore, the quality of strategic management is critical at this stage. The introduction of such change programs calls for closer supervision, guidance and continuous encouragement of workers as they perform the stipulated tasks. Emotional intelligence management is highly desired in the discharge of duties that come with rapid change programs in organizations (Plowman et al., 2007). Diversity of strategic options may occur in challenging and at the same time in normal times. In any case, the quality of leadership which is part of organizational culture becomes the key determinant of effective choices (Delbridge, Gratton and Johnson, 2006). The high level of professionalism of organizational leaders is desired since it helps them to make rational decisions for organizations. If mistakes are made at this stage, then there is a high likelihood of missing the mark in pursuance of change in organizations. In most cases, organizational members differ with the choice of strategies. Sound leaders are manifested at this crucial point (Latta, 2009). This helps organization in reaching consensus about the desired strategies. The choice of change strategies is affected by the culture of an organization. The choices that are made by the managers must be compatible with organizational operations (Pettigrew, 1990). Conclusion Change is a desired practice in the management of organizations. Organizational change entails the introduction of several adjustments to the operations of the companies. Change in or ganizations is a dynamic process. Strategic management of change is a combination of activities that help businesses in meeting the demand from the external environment. It has a direct effect on organizational culture. It is therefore imperative to say that culture can have both positive and negative impacts on organizational change. When the practices of an organization favour a given course of events, which denotes change, then it becomes easy to implement change programs. When a number of new organizational programs and process impact heavily on organizational norms, it becomes difficult for organizations to implement the programs and processes. In such cases, it forces organizations to devise and implement strategies which would ensure that organizational members and structures absorb change. Organizational culture entails the practices that are embraced by business ventures. From the discussion, it can be deduced that organizational culture is highly impacted upon by change pr ograms. Strategic change programs are desired as they help organizations adapt to the practices of strengthening the competitive forces of organizations. Leading strategic change entails the analysis of organizational practices and making recommendations that favour the performance of companies. 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